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Endangered Species of Business

Vladimir Putin. Photo by Alexey Druzhinin / "RIA Novosti"
Vladimir Putin. Photo by Alexey Druzhinin / “RIA Novosti”

During a recent meeting on the improvement of the government procurement system, Prime Minister Medvedev declared that it was imperative to involve small and medium-size businesses in this process. One month later, the Ministry of Economic Development came up with draft legislative amendments that are supposed to facilitate the conditions for participation in the process of government procurement for small-size enterprises by dispensing them from the required provision of collateral. It is as yet unclear whether this measure will be effective, since specialists already point to the insufficient and inaccurate character of the proposed changes.

Concern for small and medium-size businesses is one of the favorite topics for both Medvedev and Putin. However, despite the annoyingly regular promises of support, small companies continue to experience difficulties.

The share of small and medium-size enterprises in the country’s GDP is a key indicator of Russia’s economic health. According to official estimates, in Russia it amounts to 20 percent.  According to entrepreneurs themselves, however, it only reaches 3 percent. In comparison, in the United States, the share of small businesses in the country’s GDP amounts to around 60 percent, and in some European countries it reaches 80 percent.

In 2014, more than half of all small enterprises recorded a decrease in financial stability, and more than half of entrepreneurs declared that business conditions had deteriorated. Over the past year the tendency has not changed, Read More “Endangered Species of Business”

Oil and Nickel

"Norilsk Nickel" / Photo: dela.ru
“Norilsk Nickel” / Photo: dela.ru

Oil prices have been going up and down in recent weeks, but they are still nowhere near the coveted $80 per barrel which would allow Russia to balance its budget. The Kremlin’s active efforts at getting other oil-producing countries to agree to an oil output freeze have not yet brought any results. Both the ruble and Russian oil companies’ stock prices remain low. The Russian economy’s pathological dependence on oil is a long-established diagnosis that can only be treated with diversification. Putin’s aggressive empire subject to international sanctions for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine finds it hard to expand industrial production and to attract foreign investment and technologies.   Even without the sanctions, hardly anyone would want to invest in a country mired in corruption and lawlessness.   However, beside the proverbial oil and gas industry, Russia has other traditional sources of export revenues that were in a steady demand for many years.

Thus, according to the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade, both in 2008 and today, Russia ranked first in aluminum and nickel exports. The Russian-Swiss RUSAL, controlled by Oleg Deripaska, is the world’s largest aluminum producer. RUSAL owns 28 percent of Norilsk Nickel, one of the world’s major producers of nickel and a number of other non-ferrous metals.  Both Norilsk Nickel and RUSAL are ranked among Russia’s top ten exporting companies, with all the other companies on the list being oil and gas producers. Read More “Oil and Nickel”

Doctors of Science in Corruption

Picture by comm-art.ru
“Education reform” / Picture by comm-art.ru

The population’s educational attainment is commonly considered as a key indicator of the country’s investment attractiveness. When in the early 1990s, Russia opened its domestic market for foreign investment, its population’s universal literacy and a considerably higher percentage of college-educated specialists  than in other BRICS countries, that is in China, India, Brazil and South Africa, was seen as an important competitive advantage.

Unfortunately, Putin came to power at the exact moment when the country’s protective layer of quality education, that had been built over the previous years and was worn down considerably by a drastic transition to a market economy, demanded government attention financing and reform.  Although prior to 2000 corruption had already blossomed in Russian universities, the country’s secondary and higher education system has been completely destroyed over the following 16 years. It was replaced by a new system, built under the national leader’s supervision, in which graduates’ actual level of knowledge does not matter since it is much more important for government employees to know how to please their superiors and how to take and give bribes.

Today, corruption calls the shots in science and education. Thus, according to the Dissernet project, plagiarism in dissertations of Russian officials has become a mass phenomenon affecting all three branches of power: extensive copying of sections of text from a source without quotation marks or proper citation has been found in dissertations belonging to Read More “Doctors of Science in Corruption”